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| Overview |
This lesson integrates reading, writing, viewing, and visually representing mathematical ideas while simultaneously strengthening home-school communication. The two math-related books, or the “book pair,” used in the lesson give real-world contexts to the strategy of grouping objects to be counted.
The books from the book pair both follow predictable formats that support emerging
readers, and students can use these structures as frames for their own writing.
After reading each of the books, students explore their school and home environments
to find and represent their own examples of sets. The culminating activity
is a collaborative class book of sets.
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| From Theory to Practice |
Pairing math-related books encourages children to “extend their understandings
of each text differently than if only one text had been read” (Short & Harste,
1996, p. 537) and to apply mathematical ideas to the world around them (NCTM
Connections Standard, 2000; Whitin & Whitin 2004). In this lesson, two
books give students mathematical lenses to view their environment. Involving
families gives children further opportunities to talk, write, and draw about
mathematical patterns and relationships (NCTM Communication Standard, 2000).
Finally, children become authors of their own nonfiction texts, using the formats
of the book pairs as guides.
Further Reading
Whitin, David J. & Phyllis Whitin. New Visions for Linking Literature and Mathematics. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English; and Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. 2004
Overview
of Standards for Grades Pre-K-12. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers
of Mathematics, 2000.
Short, Kathy and Jerome Harste, with Carolyn Burke. Creating Classrooms for Authors and Inquirers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. 1996.
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| Student Objectives |
Students will
- identify sets of objects in familiar contexts (school and home).
- represent sets of objects with numbers, words, and pictures.
- describe patterns and relationships as shown in repeated addition.
- incorporate numerical, visual, and written descriptions in a revised and published format.
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| Instructional Plan |
Resources
- McMillan, Bruce. One, Two, One Pair! New York: Scholastic, 1991.
- Aker, Suzanne. What Comes in 2’s, 3’s, and 4’s? New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990.
- Pairs Homework Activity Sheet
- Sets of 3,
4, 5, 6 Activity Sheet
- Format Options for Class Books
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Suggested Children’s
Books for Finding Sets and Skip-Counting
- Suggested Criteria for Assessment: Read-Aloud
- Suggested Criteria for Assessment: Class Book
- Stapleless
Book
- Online Multigenre Mapper
Preparation
Instruction and Activities
Session One
- Introduce the book One, Two, One Pair! to the children.
- After reading the story, invite the class to respond further by asking the
questions below. It is likely that children will spontaneously point to other
pairs (on their bodies, in the classroom).
- What did you find interesting about this story?
- What else did you notice?
- Act out skip counting by 2’s (e.g. using hands, shoes, or eyes). Encourage
students to work in pairs, too.
- Allow about 5 minutes for a “pair hunt” around the room and
then reassemble.
- Students should record their discoveries individually
in a math journal, or as a whole-group shared writing experience.
- Use opportunities throughout the day to add new discoveries, writing the
details down in students’ math journals or on the class list.
- When all students are comfortable with finding pairs and using pairs to skip
count, pass out the Sets of 2 Handout to be completed outside of the
classroom.
- Allow several days for the activity to be completed.
Session Two
- Invite students to share their Sets of 2 discoveries with the class.
- Use their examples to practice skip counting and to pose and solve oral problems.
For example, if two students brought in pictures of earrings, ask how many
earrings
there are all together with two sets or pairs of earrings.
- On a chart, make a class list with picture clues of the sets that were discovered. Post the chart for continued reference.
- Introduce What Comes in 2’s, 3’s and 4’s? Invite students
to compare this book with One, Two, One Pair! before reading the second
book. Again, invite comments about the various examples during reading.
- Allow students to find examples of sets of 2’s, 3’s and 4’s (and later, 5’s and 6’s) in the room and around the school.
- When students are familiar with finding this range of sets, pass out the Sets
of 3’s, 4’s, 5’s and 6’s handout to be completed outside of the classroom.
- Allow several days for the activity to be completed.
Session Three
- Invite students to share their Sets
of 3’s, 4’s, 5’s and
6’s with the class.
- Make a chart with some examples of each of the sets, adding picture clues.
- Show both books, the book pair, to students and suggest that the
class make their own book of sets.
- As a class, choose a format for the class book.
- Once the format for the class book has been selected, make a planning sheet
on chart paper.
- Students create their pages for the books during whole-group or center time.
(Some of the above choices lend themselves to having a student team of “editors” sequence
the pages in a logical order.)
- Celebrate the completed book(s), and use the students’ book to create
story problems.
Extensions
- Use coins to represent sets of 5 and 10.
- In the math center, have a set of cards available that shows even numbers
(2 – 20) with a pocket chart. Students can place the numbers in consecutive
order (ascending or descending). Have the correct order printed on a sentence
strip for self-checking. Invite students to compare the sequences of counting
by 2’s and counting by 4’s. Have them share their discoveries at
meeting time.
- Have students represent sets and repeated addition on the 100-board (or modified
chart), and on a calculator, using the repeat function key (= sign). This can
be done traditionally or online.
- Discuss single things that are referred to as pairs (e.g., pants,
glasses, scissors). Invite the students to share why those items are called
pairs when they are only one item.
- Use the class book of sets to create story problems. For example, “I
see 2 cars. How many wheels do I see?” or the reverse: “I see
8 wheels. How many cars do I see?” Practice orally, use the ideas for
shared writing, and invite independent writing.
Web Resources
- Interactive 100 Square
http://www.hellam.net/maths2000/100square.html
- An interactive hundred board with two possible formats, beginning with 0 or 1. The board can display 3 simultaneous sequences to highlight additional patterns.
- Math Poems
http://www.tooter4kids.com/Classroom/math_poems.htm
- A variety of math poems on many different topics, including skip counting.
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| Student Assessment/Reflections |
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1 - Students read a wide range of print and nonprint texts to build an understanding of texts, of themselves, and of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment. Among these texts are fiction and nonfiction, classic and contemporary works.
2 - Students read a wide range of literature from many periods in many genres to build an understanding of the many dimensions (e.g., philosophical, ethical, aesthetic) of human experience.
11 - Students participate as knowledgeable, reflective, creative, and critical members of a variety of literacy communities.
12 - Students use spoken, written, and visual language to accomplish their own purposes (e.g., for learning, enjoyment, persuasion, and the exchange of information).
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